Understanding Raw Data

User

Item

Interactions

Search and Recommender Systems

1. Search Engines (Retrieval-based systems)

  • Text Search: Google, Bing, DuckDuckGo

  • Image Search: Google Images, Bing Images, Pinterest Visual Search

  • Voice Search: Alexa, Google Assistant, Siri

  • Code Search: GitHub Code Search, SourceGraph

2. User-Generated Content Platforms

  • Videos: YouTube, Dailymotion

  • Short Videos: TikTok, Instagram Reels, YouTube Shorts

  • Podcasts: Apple Podcasts, Spotify Podcasts

3. Entertainment Platforms

  • Movies & TV Shows: Netflix, Amazon Prime, Disney+, Hulu

  • Music Streaming: Spotify, Apple Music, YouTube Music

  • eBooks & Audiobooks: Kindle, Audible

4. E-commerce & Online Marketplaces

  • General E-commerce: Amazon, Walmart, eBay

  • Fashion: Zalando, ASOS

  • Second-hand & Classifieds: Craigslist, Facebook Marketplace, OLX

5. Social Media Platforms

  • Text-based: Reddit, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn

  • Image-based: Instagram, Pinterest

  • Video-based: Snapchat, TikTok

6. Food Delivery & Restaurant Platforms

  • Food Delivery: Uber Eats, DoorDash, Grubhub

  • Restaurant Discovery: Yelp, Zomato

7. Travel & Mobility Platforms

  • Stay & Vacation Rentals: Airbnb, Vrbo

  • Flight & Transport Aggregators: Skyscanner, Google Flights, Expedia

  • Ride-sharing & Mobility: Uber, Lyft, Lime, Bird

8. News & Information Aggregators

  • News Aggregation: Google News, Apple News, Flipboard

  • Financial News & Stock Market: Bloomberg, Yahoo Finance

9. Education & Learning Platforms

  • Online Courses: Coursera, Udemy, edX

  • Coding Platforms: LeetCode, Codeforces, Codeacademy

  • Academic Papers: Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, ArXiv